0. GALMultithreadingCommandHelper. Check the GitHub for details. 7175 System Version 13. BC3 seems to work fine for 6GB users, and BC1 manages to make the game playable on 2GB hardware and sub-1X resolution scaling options. This emulator aims at providing excellent accuracy and performance, a user-friendly interface, and consistent builds. This Guide shows you all the steps and settings for the Best possible performance and Game Compatibility on Ryujinx EmulatorAnimal Crossing New Horisons is P. • 3 yr. Does changing aspect ratio change anything?. All I'd suggest there is enabling texture recompression in the settings, as it doesn't have much VRAM. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"src/Ryujinx. Graphics Backend Multithreading: On. Reproduction steps Enter Chapter 11 - A Familiar Dance Log f. 7 GB usable) This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. twitter. After accruing 2 or more credits, the texture will be scaled and now all rendering will be done in the scaled resolution for that texture. Expand Dram and Enable Texture Recompression both on, if that makes any difference. 1. try to disable "texture recompression" and enable "shader cache". Member. Before we dive into the progress report, it's time for a quick update on our Patreon goals. 1. Mod description & usage: FPS - Dynamic FPS: Matches the game clock to your framerate and fixes slow motion/speed up. 00:04:29. @riperiperi Yep that fixed many issues but not all. This will prevent the antivirus software to meddle in the emulator’s functioning or restrict its access within the system. 1 I redrew every consoles logo for emulation frontends (500+ hours of work) (4k and vectors) 381. While I'm unsure if it's crashed without mods, all mods are up to date for the current game version, and none of them crashed when on an older Ryujinx version. By chicocarlito, Yesterday at 03:33 PM. No path set for my shaders dump path. Reply replyHello, ryujinx crashes at a specific point during a cutscene in the game i've tried updating my drivers but it doesnt resolve the problem my specs are : amd ryzen 5 3600, gtx 1660 super and 32gb ram Here is the screenshot of my log right when it crashes. / month. $2500/month - One full-time developer - Not yet met. Start by opening the Ryujinx emulator and heading over to the “Help” section. at Ryujinx. Now select the Ryujinx folder and add it to the exclusions. This user is using a 1050. Basically sometimes the geometry of certain parts of a character is distorted. 0 - Cheat - Infinite Durability. $2000/month - Texture Packs / Replacement Capabilities - getting close! This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. 1. Nintendo game fans saw the long-awaited release of Shin Megami Tensei V and also remakes of the classic DS-era Pokémon games re-released as Brilliant. It's very easy to build. 1. Use Linux or buy a functional card. ago. 1092 OS: Windows 10 Graphics Driver: 23. I think most people are in the same boat until they update Ryujinx? OK so I've been playing a while without crashes now. Enable Texture Recompression. xx to avoid this. 1. 1 version of s/v? Some say that 1. 29 Oct 2022 21:31:54Ryujinx is an open-source Nintendo Switch emulator, created by gdkchan, written in C#. While reviewing our ASTC survey results, we discovered that one of the factors hindering ASTC adoption is the. 1. 0 GB (11. When the software is set to use an OpenGL backend, the games run fine. 4 Notes: Emulator settings are all recommended, Texture Recompression both on & off, purged/rebuilt both PPTC & shader cache. 94). 0. However, when I don't activate "texture recompression", it just right away crashes in most areas when the GPU Vram is full. Texture Recompression is required to avoid running out of VRAM. This did not happen at all during the initial sky islands. It seems this makes things better, will keep this updated to see if this problem still happens. . oh sorry, its Radeon RX 570 Series. 1. frag at master · Ryujinx/RyujinxUse Ryujinx for Kirby in the Forgotten Land for now the game is basically flawless. Ryujinx is an open-source Nintendo Switch emulator. Post processing effect: none Anistropic filtering 16x Edit: also under Nvidia control panel, I set "power management mode" to "prefer maximum performance" and "texture filtering" to "high. 1 more reply. 669 Game: 1. 3 was released simultaneously with. the screen in certain areas. 1. Those with less VRAM may run into Out of Memory errors. $2000/month - Texture Packs / Replacement Capabilities - almost there! This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. On Nvidia, use driver version 516. 0 (w/ DLC). Enable it if you run into an "out of device memory. 7 (auto)RTX 3060ti OC +50mhz core, +79 Memory16gb 3600mhz Enable texture recompression. Resolution Scale: Native. Also, the "drop shadow" from text in cinematics is not properly rendered I think. The addition of Vulkan and SPIR-V shaders, along with the new feature of Texture Recompression 0 + Wave 1 DLC + Ryujinx/Yuzu Switch Emulators Genres/Tags: RPG, . The default Uncompressed setting uses the old RGBA8 method, which preserves the original image quality, but also consumes the most VRAM. Smaller deta. but if Uncheck Expand Dram and Missing Services, it will crash. Download Free Nintendo WII U ISO's And ROMS, (Loadiine) Games for Cemu Emulator, High Speed Download Links from Google Drive, Find The Best Collection Here. 199 Nvidia GTX1080Ti Intel i7 9700k. May 22, 2023status could be changed to playable. ago. without it wont load the game no matter what and wont reach main menu Make sure your resolution scaling isn't too high, if it is lower it. 1. Because of that, we must decompress the format manually, wasting some processing time (stuttering) and wasting a lot of VRAM (a decompressed ASTC can go from 4 to 34 times bigger than the original image). 1. This build was released on 2023-11-22. Ryujinx has a mod support PR on the verge of merging, which should happen in the next day or two, which will open the door for. cs:line. I'm running Ryujinx 1. Oh and another weird thing is it only happen when I first open Ryujinx will always crash like this but if I reopen it again it rarely or not crashes. Like so: Experimental Nintendo Switch Emulator written in C# - Ryujinx Setup & Configuration Guide · Ryujinx/Ryujinx Wiki. log Ryujinx_1. Graphics Backend Multithreading: Auto. 96 ID:Q3df7sGp0 まぁkeysが原因だと思うよ 0767 名無しさん＠お腹. Ryujinx Nintendo Switch Emulator Gets Vulkan Backend Update how you make the code work in yuzu, for me 60fps work in ryujinx, but in yuzu it not working at all ! 1 Anisotropic Filtering: Auto Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Texture Recompression: Disabled EmuDeck 0 Textures in games make use of a variety of compression formats in Textures in games make use. $egingroup$ I don't have enough experience with various tools for the texture compression, which is why I didn't touch that part in my answer - I've just used ATIs compressonator and been happy with the result. 베요네타3 클리어 하고. Welcome to Reddit's home for The Legend of Zelda™: Tears of the Kingdom mods on Ryujinx, Yuzu, and…. 0, October 30, 2022, 43 MB) Switch emulator is included and preconfigured. There's gonna be lag stutters dropping down, but the game will stop crashing in 1-3. [Headless] Add missing arguments & Fix typos TSRBerry/Ryujinx. Texture Recompression, which can now be found in the graphics tab, recompresses ASTC textures, making them look slightly worse, but saving your PC from a driver crash. A few known issues remain: - Godrays cover the screen in certain areas. Ryujinx is an open-source Nintendo Switch emulator . The point is that Ryujinx isn't parsing those two correctly if they're in the same file. Do any action that will produce rumble feedback such as jumping/landing, shooting, taking damage, or holding a charge shot. xx to avoid this. it better with handheld mode it just crash before getting to the main menu of the game when lunching. No solution as of yet. My current graphics settings are. 1. zaherdab. Because that's also very important. It is likely that both would be faster to do on. I'm about to finish the game, the only issue now is that it takes an extra second to open a door, however, the game runs just fine. ago. 평가: 5 투표: 1183073. Texture Recompression both on and off Graphics backend: Vulkan and OpenGL Resolution Scale: Native, 2x, and 3x Post Processing Effect: None Upscale: Nearest Anisotropic Filtering: AutoA bug on the surface flinger implementation would cause more buffer than available to be reported to the game, which caused a memory corruption and crash. If this doesn't solve it, backup your whole Ryujinx data folder ( C:\Users\yourname\AppData\Roaming\Ryujinx, or the portable folder if you've made a portable install) and then delete it. Ryujinx is a Nintendo Switch Emulator programmed in C#, unlike most emulators that are created with C++ or C. This may not happen every time, and also happens with texture recompression enabled or flushed shader caches. 0 using the same settings mentioned in this issue, without experiencing any disconnects, crashes or stutters in 7 hours of. Blackout or black flickering in some scenes and areas: use the resolution scaler enabler mod and increase the resolution on Ryujinx, or update your Nvidia drivers to 522. 16 GB DDR4 Ram. 30 GHzInstalled RAM 12. Log file. Feb 5, 2021. Greatly speeds up texture loading and flushing (though the GPU will still have to stall for this in master). 1 participant. I played it on ryujinx latest update, with a gtx1050 mobile with 4gb of dedicated ram, and the latest Nvidia driver. Gloom ground texture looks bugged on me, using Yuzu EA 3583. Ryujinx is a Nintendo Switch Emulator programmed in C#, unlike most emulators that are created with C++ or C. initWithTextureInternal:pixelFormat:textureType:levels:slices:swizzle:compressedView <- cause What's the issue you encou. 650. A fix is being looked into. Nov 4, 2017 547. My system 6800xt 5700x 32gb ram Nvme with 2gb dram. This amount of monthly donations will allow the project's founder, gdkchan, to work full-time on developing Ryujinx. 1. ago. Ui. Ryujinx runs pretty good overall. Nvidia GTX 3060. 6 comments. Turn o the rest. Go to options/settings/input and uncheck the thing. Texture recompression on Vulkan will stop your issue happening. Anyways make sure memory manager mode is set to host unchecked, graphics backend multithreading is set to auto, expand DRAM to. Boot the game and proceed into game play. ago. v1. 1. This build was released on 2023-11-16. 495 I will add to the list as I find out. 0. Now you are halfway done. . Feb 11, 2021 • 21 min read. 1. Enable it if you run into an "out of device memory" crash. This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. the weird. Texture recompression on? from ryujinx-games-list. There is no fix wait for emulator improvements some time in the future. On (also tested Auto and Off) Enable shader cache Enable texture recompression Resolution: Native 720p/1080p AF: auto CPU: i5 12400f GPU: RTX 3080 16 GB ddr4 comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. exe file. On Yuzu it doesn't crash, but there are a lot of stuttering here and there making the experience annoying. Fork 2. If a texture. Like so: Experimental Nintendo Switch Emulator written in C# - Ryujinx Setup & Configuration Guide · Ryujinx/Ryujinx Wiki. xx to avoid this. Anybody knows a fix for this? Settings: Graphics Backend Multithreading: On Graphics Backend: Vulkan GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Enable Shader Cache: On Enable Texture Recompression: OnBayonetta 3 is already up and running in 4K@60FPS on PC via emulators like Ryujinx and Yuzu, overcoming the Nintendo Switch limitations. If that doesn't work, enable texture recompression. This amount of monthly donations will allow the project's founder, gdkchan, to work full-time on developing Ryujinx. Reply kirito54321 • if you want to want to 100% kill the sound async in cutscenes you should download the ZTOTK 30fps mode patch and enable in Ryujinx on graphic settings "Enable Texture Recompression" Revolvere supporter I'm doing all side quests on chapter 3 using latest Ryujinx Vulkan, 4h+ of gameplay already with this build. 0. . Finished the game on a msi laptop without issues at all and stable 30 fps. 0. Welcome to 128-bitbay! You can find everything related to emulation here. Method Two: If you launch Ryujinx from the commandline, add a --fullscreen option. Experimental Nintendo Switch Emulator written in C# - Commits · Ryujinx/RyujinxPlaying RPG-m MV/trinity on Vulkan heavily visual glitches · Issue #3584 · Ryujinx/Ryujinx · GitHub. Rather than calculating this for every sampler, this change calculates if a texture can force anisotropy when its info is set, and exposes the value via a public boolean. I updated to the latest version of ryujinx and set it up with the Expanded DRAM size to 6GB, Turned off Texture recompression and running it under Vulkan. Method One: In Ryujinx, click on Options, then check the box marked "Start Games in Fullscreen Mode". . Multithreading. 17 Couldn't use texture recompression since I don't use NVIDIA Ryujinx training mod - Prenatalia 2022 How to make Ryujinx run smoother - Quora Ryujinx is an open-source. . MutantAura added os:macOS An issue or feature request exclusively relating to macOS gpu Related to Ryujinx. 332) API: Vulkan Driver Nvidia 522. But I did remove all of them and it did still crash at the end of the boss fight (cutscene). 11. After long testing Ryujinx Nintendo Switch Emulator officially added Vulkan backend to the main build. 一部の開発版で先行して利用可能にはなっていたRyujinxのVulkan対応ですが、本日リリースされたバージョン1. 2. NYPD BMW R1200RT texture. • 3 yr. This emulator aims to offer excellent compatibility and performance, a friendly interface, and consistent builds. I'm using Ryujinx 1. . with an "ErrorOutOfDeviceMemory". Accelerate ASTC Texture Decoding: On ; NVDEC emulation: GPU Video Decoding (This is for cutscenes, try CPU Video Decoding if you have a weak gpu) ; Fullscreen Mode: Exclusive Fullscreen (Borderless Fullscreen breaks GSYNC) ; Aspect Ratio: Default (16:9) (Use Stretch to Window if using an aspect ratio mod) ; Resolution: 1x. Chapter 8 is where I seem to be stuck, prior to that with the correct settings you should be fine. Looks like the audio crash in chapter 5 mentioned above is still happening. Method One: In Ryujinx, click on Options, then check the box marked "Start Games in Fullscreen Mode". xx/517. $2000/month - Texture Packs / Replacement Capabilities - almost there! This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. Note: If you are using the 60FPS mod to run the game on the Ryujinx emulator, the black screen issue will persist even after changing all these settings. Reply reply more replies. Ryujinx was created by gdkchan and is available on GitHub under the MIT license. Common/Configuration. 808. Here's Smash Ultimate at 8k. There was also a NVDEC H264 decoding related bug that caused crashes on the launcher. Been reading the progress on all the Yuzu and Ryujinx upgrades in regards to TotK and I’m confused. I found that the ASTC compressed texture game YUZU will cause the video memory to burst for a long time In particular, the 4G video card Ryujinx simulator has an ASTC texture compression function, which enables you to play games for a long timeRyujinx version. 21kosrik1dxa1. Oct 29. Conversation I completed the prologue and was playing the first stage before I shut it down. After shaders compile and PPTC caching, the application will hang before. Experimental Nintendo Switch Emulator written in C# - Changelog · Ryujinx/Ryujinx Wiki. 3 ~ 4. 1. If it still crashes it's probably a broken game file. By default, Ryujinx uses your C:UsersyournameAppDataRoamingRyujinx directory for storing firmware, keys, save files, configs, caches etc. A few known issues remain: - Godrays cover the screen in certain areas. Genres/Tags: RPG, Japanese, Turn-based, Third-person, 3D Companies: Atlus, SEGA Languages: ENG/MULTI9. 25 or newer. TextureStorage. Game Name Bayonetta 3 Game Update Version 1. Successfully merging a pull request may close this issue. Cutscene audio can desync. i changed from Vulkan + geforce 980 gtx to openGL + GLASM and it was gone, but the fps became low (10-15) then i changed from GPU video encoding (default) to CPU video encoding and the result was somewhat better. Ryujinx works fine with texture recompression enabled . Switch Firmware v14. Ryujinx's Patreon income has risen to nearly $2,500, from the $1,900-$2,000 range it's been hovering at all year. Turn on texture recompression in video options. ETA once goal is reached: ~3-4 weeks. Ryujinx模拟器Shader Cache与PPTC功能详解--- 《萨尔达传说 灾厄启示录》 4659 0 2021-04-30 06:58:35 未经作者授权，禁止转载 67Triangle Strategy Camp menu (very hefty!) and some villages. Ryujinx is a Nintendo Switch Emulator programmed in C#, unlike most emulators that are created with C++ or C. You can find support for Yuzu and Ryujinx, as well as any other emulators here! We are not affiliated with the Yuzu team, Ryujinx team or any other emulation community. Reproduction steps. ETA once the goal is sustained: ~3-4 weeks. Cutscenes frequently desync the audio & video, with lower end platforms suffering worse desync than higher end platforms. 창recompression texture ryujinx力. Not running any shaders. 1 - Resolution - 1008p - Doesn't break Ambient Occlusion. Terakhir, beberapa judul game Nintendo Swap seperti The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt dan peluncuran terbaru Xenoblade Chronicles 3 tidak boot masih pada perangkat keras AMD dengan Vulkan diaktifkan. There's some artifacting with character sprites as well as the really weird issue displayed above where sprites that should be hidden seem to be visible. 0 + Ryujinx Switch Emulator Release Date: October 28, 2022 Genres/Tags: Action, Slasher, Third-person. Vulkan. But I'm afraid the answer depends a lot on your source data and actual requirements. Vulkan backend was working fine before i upgraded to mesa 22. Well yeah but using "Enable Texture Recompression" otherwise it still crashes on the first chapter when the wave hits the boat. By Mikeb744, Yesterday at 10:57 AM. ANd it does by a lot really . Some areas in vanilla BotW are completely dark and that is part of. 3. A simple, experimental Nintendo Switch emulator Ryujinx is an open-source Nintendo Switch emulator created by gdkchan and written in C#. 0 and “ Anisotropic Filtering ” to 16x. Lastly, a few. On the subject of texture recompression, although it's an ASTC issue and not a Ryu issue, wouldn't it make more sense to store the encoded texture in VRAM and to use the GPU to decode from VRAM? Sadly lack of hardware support makes this impossible (?) That's the one advantage that BC has over ASTC. But there are other types of texture compression formats that can be used by the GPU directly. Welp, it's a 1060 3GB. A few known issues remain: - Godrays cover the screen in certain areas. hi there. I'm on nvidia 3080 Ti, multithreaded backend, vulkan, enabled shader cache, texture recompression, macro HLE, resolution scale 2x (1440p/2160p). 1. Looks like the audio crash in chapter 5 mentioned above is still happening. Bayonetta 3 v1. zip file after extracting them. A fix is being looked into. Chapter 8 is where I seem to be stuck, prior to that with the correct settings you should be fine. is on latest version. The next thing to do is to open the. I got it to work on Ryujinx on ROG Ally with the following Graphics settings: Graphics Backend Multithreading: ON --- Graphics Backend: OpenGL --- Enable Shader. Vulkan can't offload to RAM automatically like OpenGL can. $2000/month - Texture Packs / Replacement Capabilities - hovering around this level! This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. I also tried opengl but it crashed for some other reason. I'm not sure what you mean here. On Nvidia, use driver version 516. 3's exe. Ui. Here are some tips that can help you run Ryujinx But if you get a compression error, then the mod don't work at all Anisotropic Filtering: Auto Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Texture Recompression: Disabled How To Install Mods on Ryujinx (2022) Tech Dunk 8 dTFM How To Install Mods on Ryujinx (2022) Tech Dunk 8 리. $2500/month - One full-time developer - Not yet met I tried to play with enable texture recompression but nothing to do. r/emulation. Ryujinx_ 1. 820 |E| GPU. exe file then click the switch to Ryujinx button at the top left. With games that use a lot of ASTC textures or even a few large ASTC textures, this can result in frame drops and stuttering. 1. 1怎么用【ryujinx吧】 - 百度贴吧Download File Yuzu Prod Keys 14 Vulkan joins the roster! - Ryujinx - Blog Noticed that the GPU section of Ryujinx was outdated this update also adds texture recompression which might help the steam deck This game really needs 60fps "Progress Report December 2022" by ryujinx from Patreon Yuzu Vulkan yuzu key files -. Over the last month, we've been quietly working away at some valuable new features for Ryujinx. the new Enable Texture Recompression helped a lot. Ryujinx Version 1. 335. alucardsonofdracul • 10 mo. One tip for. I'm about to finish the game, the only issue now is that it takes an extra second to open a door, however, the game runs just fine. This emulator aims to offer excellent compatibility and performance, a friendly interface, and consistent builds. Hope this helps! TheCrach • 7 mo. Vulkan backend was working fine before i upgraded to mesa 22. 0:00 Intro0:24. If i reopen the game, lag disappears but after some exploration, it starts to lag alot (with recompression on) or randomly crashes (with it turned on). 6GHz CPU with hyper threading. Graphics Backend: Vulkan. ago. Add a Comment. Texture Recompression is required to avoid running out of VRAM. Version 1. This emulator aims to offer excellent compatibility and. The May 2023 report that has just been published. $2500/month - One full-time developer - Not yet met. 0. lower game graphics quality. $2000/month - Texture Packs / Replacement Capabilities - hovering around this level! This will facilitate the replacement of in-game graphics textures which enables custom texture enhancements, alternate controller button graphics, and more. Transferred save from Ryujinx. Still having the issue, textures are broken. 1. In other words, avoid running from mechanical HDDs or USB drives. 5800x 3060ti qhd 해상도에 류진x에뮬로 베요네타3 클리어 했습니다. Enable it if you run into an “out of device memory” crash. Reproduction steps load stage and repeat Log file Ryujinx_1. Yuzu Vulkan also has other problems, like waterfall with shiny golden water during a hero quest. Experimental Nintendo Switch Emulator written in C# - FAQ and Troubleshooting · Ryujinx/Ryujinx WikiTexture Recompression, which can now be found in the graphics tab, recompresses ASTC textures, making them look slightly worse, but saving your Unlike NSPZ with NSZ solid compression without random read access is the default Switch Emulator Ryujinx 1 ac Ryujinx Ryujinx 니. Open Folder named roaming, inside of here we are looking for the folder named Ryujinx . 46232 downloads. Couldn't use texture recompression since I don't use NVIDIA. Ryujinx 1. Ryujinx Ver. Experimental Nintendo Switch Emulator written in C# - Ryujinx/ColorBlitFragmentShaderSource. 6K subscribers in the totkmods community. 762，保姆使用教程，以及进行游戏的最佳配置，《王国之泪》PC 4K高清画质 稳定60fps｜ Ryujinx，柚子模拟器性能提升50%！！设置教程！Have you updated Ryujinx, and then started to have problems? If so you may need to downgrade. The principle is pretty simple, we just add one more step to the recompression process, from ASTC > RGBA8, to ASTC > RGBA8 > BC1 or BC3. Released 4 days early for members. . log OS Windo. Processor 12th Gen Intel Core i5-1235U. Full size image. Also has Resolution scaling. Device info-. 18K subscribers in the Ryujinx community. A simple, experimental. from ryujinx. You might want to clarify more on which game you are planning on playing or the language you want it in. Dark_Shade991 • 10 mo. 1. Does it happen with resolution scale set to native? from ryujinx. @theRolento You're playing the game at x4 Native resoltuion. Nothing but it seems like the docked mode make it better with handheld mode it just crash before getting to the main menu of the game when lunching. txt file with the first 16 characters of the game version’s build ID as the file name. is there a way to lower my game quality in ryujinx for less lag? The undocked mode gives less lag. This emulator aims to offer excellent compatibility and performance, a friendly interface, and consistent builds. 3. Yes, this does improve from disabled, but it does not solve. Texture Recompression: Disabled; We have had a flawless experience in Mario Kart 8 Deluxe v2. IcarusAvery (check pinned) @Icarus_Avery. Posted by u/LNDF - No votes and 1 commentRyujinx (v1. Texture recompression - disabled Macro HLE - enable Resolution scale - native. Custom User Profiles - merged into the main build in April 2021. Vulkan can't offload to RAM automatically like OpenGL can. Upcoming Changes: Hardware Accelerated ASTC Texture Decoding. The former was fixed by Thog, while the latter was fixed by gdkchan. LDN2. Now crashes everytime it gets past the opening cutscene. Go to options/settings/input and uncheck the thing that says enable docked mode That would need lower quality versions of the textures, which don't exist. 1 participant. [ Describe the issue in detail and what you were doing beforehand. . If not, enable texture recompression. it got improved from too much unbearable to not that much annoying. 0 of BotW began to clear/write textures while never actually sampling them, causing a lot of headache for Ryujinx’s texture caching mechanisms. Yuzu deals well with that. 1.